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1 GNU Free Documentation License |
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2 Version 1.1, March 2000 |
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3 |
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4 Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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5 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
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6 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
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7 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
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8 |
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9 |
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10 0. PREAMBLE |
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11 |
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12 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
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13 written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone |
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14 the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without |
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15 modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, |
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16 this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get |
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17 credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for |
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18 modifications made by others. |
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19 |
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20 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
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21 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
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22 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
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23 license designed for free software. |
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24 |
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25 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
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26 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
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27 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
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28 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
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29 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
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30 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
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31 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
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32 |
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33 |
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34 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
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35 |
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36 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a |
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37 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed |
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38 under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any |
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39 such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is |
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40 addressed as "you". |
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41 |
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42 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
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43 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
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44 modifications and/or translated into another language. |
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45 |
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46 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
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47 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
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48 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject |
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49 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly |
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50 within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a |
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51 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
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52 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
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53 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
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54 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
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55 them. |
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56 |
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57 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
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58 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
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59 that says that the Document is released under this License. |
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60 |
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61 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
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62 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
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63 the Document is released under this License. |
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64 |
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65 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
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66 represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
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67 general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and |
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68 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
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69 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
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70 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
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71 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
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72 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
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73 format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage |
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74 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is |
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75 not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
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76 |
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77 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
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78 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
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79 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
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80 HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include |
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81 PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only |
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82 by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
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83 processing tools are not generally available, and the |
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84 machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output |
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85 purposes only. |
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86 |
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87 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
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88 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
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89 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
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90 formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
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91 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
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92 preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
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93 |
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94 |
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95 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
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96 |
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97 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
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98 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
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99 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
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100 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
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101 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
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102 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
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103 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
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104 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
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105 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
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106 |
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107 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
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108 you may publicly display copies. |
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109 |
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110 |
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111 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
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112 |
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113 If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, |
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114 and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose |
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115 the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
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116 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
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117 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
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118 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
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119 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
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120 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
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121 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
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122 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
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123 as verbatim copying in other respects. |
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124 |
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125 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
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126 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
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127 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
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128 pages. |
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129 |
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130 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
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131 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
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132 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
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133 a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete |
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134 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the |
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135 general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no |
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136 charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter |
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137 option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin |
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138 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this |
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139 Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location |
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140 until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque |
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141 copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to |
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142 the public. |
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143 |
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144 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
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145 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
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146 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
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147 |
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148 |
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149 4. MODIFICATIONS |
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150 |
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151 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
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152 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
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153 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
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154 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
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155 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
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156 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
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157 |
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158 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
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159 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
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160 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
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161 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
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162 if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
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163 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
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164 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
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165 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
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166 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five). |
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167 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
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168 Modified Version, as the publisher. |
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169 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
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170 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
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171 adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
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172 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
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173 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
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174 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
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175 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
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176 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
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177 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
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178 I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to |
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179 it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
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180 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
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181 there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
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182 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
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183 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
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184 Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
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185 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
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186 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
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187 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
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188 it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
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189 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
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190 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
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191 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
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192 K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
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193 preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the |
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194 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
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195 and/or dedications given therein. |
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196 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
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197 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
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198 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
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199 M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
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200 may not be included in the Modified Version. |
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201 N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" |
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202 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
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203 |
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204 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
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205 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
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206 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
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207 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
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208 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
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209 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
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210 |
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211 You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
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212 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
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213 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
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214 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
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215 standard. |
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216 |
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217 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
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218 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
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219 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
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220 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
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221 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
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222 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
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223 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
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224 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
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225 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
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226 |
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227 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
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228 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
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229 imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
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230 |
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231 |
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232 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
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233 |
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234 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
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235 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
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236 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
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237 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
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238 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
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239 license notice. |
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240 |
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241 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
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242 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
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243 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
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244 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
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245 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
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246 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
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247 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
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248 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
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249 |
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250 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" |
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251 in the various original documents, forming one section entitled |
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252 "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", |
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253 and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
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254 entitled "Endorsements." |
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255 |
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256 |
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257 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
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258 |
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259 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
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260 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
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261 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
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262 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
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263 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
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264 |
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265 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
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266 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
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267 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
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268 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
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269 |
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270 |
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271 |
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272 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
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273 |
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274 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
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275 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
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276 distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version |
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277 of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the |
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278 compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this |
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279 License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled |
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280 with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they |
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281 are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
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282 |
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283 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
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284 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter |
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285 of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
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286 covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. |
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287 Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. |
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288 |
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289 |
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290 8. TRANSLATION |
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291 |
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292 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
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293 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
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294 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
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295 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
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296 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
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297 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
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298 translation of this License provided that you also include the |
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299 original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement |
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300 between the translation and the original English version of this |
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301 License, the original English version will prevail. |
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302 |
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303 |
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304 9. TERMINATION |
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305 |
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306 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except |
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307 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to |
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308 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
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309 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
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310 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
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311 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
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312 parties remain in full compliance. |
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313 |
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314 |
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315 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
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316 |
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317 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
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318 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
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319 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
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320 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
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321 http:///www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
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322 |
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323 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
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324 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
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325 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
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326 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
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327 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
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328 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
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329 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
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330 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
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331 |
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332 |
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333 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
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334 |
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335 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
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336 the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
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337 license notices just after the title page: |
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338 |
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339 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
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340 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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341 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 |
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342 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
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343 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
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344 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. |
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345 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
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346 Free Documentation License". |
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347 |
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348 If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" |
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349 instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no |
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350 Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of |
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351 "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. |
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352 |
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353 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
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354 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
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355 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
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356 to permit their use in free software. |
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357 |
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358 |